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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Science by press conference ： ウィキペディア英語版 Science by press conference Science by press conference is the practice by which scientists put an unusual focus on publicizing results of research in the media.〔Jerome F (1989). Science by press conference. ''Technology Review'' July 1989, No. 92, pp. 72–73.〕 The term is usually used disparagingly.〔Hall, Stephen S. (2004). ''Merchants of Immortality: Chasing the Dream of Human Life Extension.'' Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, ISBN 978-0-618-49221-3〕 It is intended to associate the target with people promoting scientific "findings" of questionable scientific merit who turn to the media for attention when they are unlikely to win the approval of the professional scientific community. Premature publicity violates a cultural value of most of the scientific community, which is that findings should be subjected to independent review with a "thorough examination by the scientific community" before they are widely publicized.〔 The standard practice is to publish a paper in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. This idea has many merits, including that the scientific community has a responsibility to conduct itself in a deliberative, non-attention seeking way; and that its members should be oriented more towards the pursuit of insight than fame. Science by press conference in its most egregious forms can be undertaken on behalf of an individual researcher seeking fame, a corporation seeking to sway public opinion or investor perception, or a political or ideological movement. == History of the term == The phrase was coined by Spyros Andreopoulos, a public affairs officer at Stanford University Medical School, in a 1980 letter which appeared in the ''New England Journal of Medicine''.〔Andreopoulos Spyros (March 27, 1980). Gene Cloning by Press Conference. ''N Engl J Med'' 1980; 302:743–746〕 Andreopoulos was commenting specifically on the publicity practices of biotechnology startups, including Biogen and Genentech. The journal in which it appeared had implemented a long-standing policy under editor Franz J. Ingelfinger which prohibited seeking publicity for research prior to its submission or publication, informally called the Ingelfinger Rule.〔Angell, Marcia and Kassirer, Jerome P. (November 7, 1991). (The Ingelfinger Rule Revisited. ) ''New England Journal of Medicine''〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Science by press conference」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.